Test First 

Unless you have used the adhesive on the same surface before, you can always use this simple test to determine if you are using the right one.  Glue your tesserae on and wait 24 - 48 hrs. then try to pry it off. If it is for a wet application such as outside or in a shower, soak in water overnight , then try to pry off again.  If the tesserae does not come off , the adhesive you chose is a winner!

Always read the label first.

Not only does it usually contain some very helpful information, it usually provides a toll-free number should you have any questions about its use or safety.  Know in advance the chemicals you are working with, especially if you are pregnant or have any respiratory ailment. In those cases a special mask may be called for.        

• Tile Mastic - Use over wood, tile (yes, you can tile over tile), Formica, ceramic. Cannot get wet! Will not stick to metal or concrete.
• Thin-set - Thin-set is a mortar based adhesive you can mix with water OR an additive,  which will increase its strength, flexibility and speed drying time.  I prefer using the additive.   It is the best choice for concrete, such as stepping stones and birdbaths, terra cotta, and backer boards.  Will not stick to metal  or other non-porous surfaces without special preparation.  It is the only adhesive you can  use to really 'float' tiles.  This means you can build up the adhesive under a thinner piece of tile so that it is flush with the tile next to it.  It is totally waterproof.  Everything I know about thin-set came from the back of the bag!  Do not empty into sink or drain.
• PVA Glues - (white glue) Elmer's and other white craft glues will stick very well to wood that is unfinished or if painted or stained, has been prepped (see Surfaces).  I have used with ceramic, porcelain and glass tiles. At least one surface needs to be porous.  Is not waterproof.  It is safe for children to use.
• Weld bond or Wood Glues - Similar to PVA's only stronger and can be  water-resistant I love Weld bond's water-resistant glue which sticks to anything. Weld bond dries to a clear white film, it is highly water resistant (but not waterproof), non-staining and will not become brittle with age. For more information on Weld Bond brand glue go to www.weldbond.com
• Liquid Nails for Small Projects - My favorite for outdoors when I do not want to mix thin-set. Will stick to almost anything, including metal, terra cotta pots, concrete, etc.  Always use gloves - serious chemicals.
• Clear Liquid Nails or Clear Silicone - My choice for 'see-thru' projects such as candle votives and hurricane lanterns. Most are waterproof as well.
• Epoxy Glue - Epoxy is a two-part glue that has to be mixed (resin + hardener).  My favorite is 'Power Poxy' from Home Depot as it is very thick.  I reserve Epoxy for very unique applications which include: gluing cup handles or other vulnerable elements, heavy pieces that just slide off with other glues (may also need to be held or taped in place until glue sets), or it will be exposed to a lot of water as it is waterproof.  Epoxy has a short 'bowl time'. Mix only enough to use in 10-15 minutes. It is almost impossible to clean off once it has dried. It will last forever. It is not recommended for everyday use.

  Q: Have you ever opened a tube of glue only to find it has dried up and even poking a nail or paperclip didn't loosen it up?

  A: When you are done using the glue squeeze a small amount of glue out of tube then cap tightly. Then , roll tube up from the bottom. This will remove all the air from inside the tube and the tip, which is what causes the glue to harden.   The next time you go to use it, it will be like a new tube!